The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Francis I of Austria
Austria
1809–1818
Alexander I of Russia
Russia
1809–1818
Frederick William III of Prussia
Prussia
1809–1818
Louis XVIII of France
France
1815–1818
Mahmud II
Ottoman Empire
1809–1818
Akbar Shah II
Mughal Empire
1809–1818
Jiaqing Emperor
China
1809–1818
Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
Austria
1809–1818
Tokugawa Ienari
Japan (Shogunate)
1809–1818
Pope Pius VII
Papacy
1809–1818
Emperor Kōkaku
Japan
1809–1817
William I of the Netherlands
Netherlands
1815–1818
Maria I of Portugal
Portugal
1809–1816
Napoleon I
France
1809–1814
Joseph Bonaparte
Spain
1809–1813
Ferdinand VII of Spain
Spain
1814–1818
John VI of Portugal
Portugal
1816–1818
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
By subscribing you agree to receive emails from us. See our Privacy Policy. Unsubscribe any time.