The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Nicholas I of Russia
Russia
1831–1846
Isabella II of Spain
Spain
1833–1846
Ferdinand I of Austria
Austria
1835–1846
Maria II of Portugal
Portugal
1834–1846
William I of the Netherlands
Netherlands
1831–1840
Frederick William III of Prussia
Prussia
1831–1840
Francis I of Austria
Austria
1831–1835
Daoguang Emperor
China
1831–1846
Frederick William IV of Prussia
Prussia
1840–1846
Emperor Ninkō
Japan
1831–1846
William II of the Netherlands
Netherlands
1840–1846
Charles XIV John of Sweden
Sweden
1831–1844
Victoria
Great Britain
1837–1846
Bahadur Shah Zafar
Mughal Empire
1837–1846
Mahmud II
Ottoman Empire
1831–1839
Tokugawa Ieyoshi
Japan (Shogunate)
1837–1846
Abdülmecid I
Ottoman Empire
1839–1846
William IV of the United Kingdom
Great Britain
1831–1837
Akbar Shah II
Mughal Empire
1831–1837
Tokugawa Ienari
Japan (Shogunate)
1831–1837
Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
Austria
1831–1835
Ferdinand VII of Spain
Spain
1831–1833
Miguel I of Portugal
Portugal
1831–1834
Oscar I of Sweden
Sweden
1844–1846
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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