
Recommended read
George IV
Christopher Hibbert
The classic life of the Regency king, lavish taste, scandal, and the making of modern royal celebrity.

The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.

Francis I of Austria
Austria
1804–1835

Frederick William III of Prussia
Prussia
1797–1840

William I of the Netherlands
Netherlands
1815–1840

Louis XVIII of France
France
1814–1815; 1815–1824

Alexander I of Russia
Russia
1801–1825

Nicholas I of Russia
Russia
1825–1855

Mahmud II
Ottoman Empire
1808–1839

Akbar Shah II
Mughal Empire
1806–1837

Ferdinand VII of Spain
Spain
1808–1808; 1814–1833

Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
Austria
1804–1835

Daoguang Emperor
China
1820–1850

Emperor Ninkō
Japan
1817–1846

Tokugawa Ienari
Japan (Shogunate)
1787–1837

Charles XIV John of Sweden
Sweden
1818–1844

Maria II of Portugal
Portugal
1826–1828; 1834–1853

Charles X of France
France
1824–1830

John VI of Portugal
Portugal
1816–1826

Pope Leo XII
Papacy
1823–1829

Pope Pius VII
Papacy
1800–1823

Miguel I of Portugal
Portugal
1828–1834

Jiaqing Emperor
China
1796–1820

Pope Pius VIII
Papacy
1829–1830
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
By subscribing you agree to receive emails from us. See our Privacy Policy. Unsubscribe any time.
From the library
Hand-picked histories and biographies for readers who want more than the timeline: the same era, told in full.

Recommended read
Christopher Hibbert
The classic life of the Regency king, lavish taste, scandal, and the making of modern royal celebrity.
Some book links on this site point to Amazon. As an Amazon Associate, WhoWasRuling.com may earn from qualifying purchases.