The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Francis I of Austria
Austria
1817–1835
Nicholas I of Russia
Russia
1825–1846
Frederick William III of Prussia
Prussia
1817–1840
William I of the Netherlands
Netherlands
1817–1840
Louis XVIII of France
France
1817–1824
Isabella II of Spain
Spain
1833–1846
Ferdinand I of Austria
Austria
1835–1846
Daoguang Emperor
China
1820–1846
Maria II of Portugal
Portugal
1834–1846
Alexander I of Russia
Russia
1817–1825
Mahmud II
Ottoman Empire
1817–1839
Charles XIV John of Sweden
Sweden
1818–1844
Akbar Shah II
Mughal Empire
1817–1837
Frederick William IV of Prussia
Prussia
1840–1846
William II of the Netherlands
Netherlands
1840–1846
Tokugawa Ienari
Japan (Shogunate)
1817–1837
Ferdinand VII of Spain
Spain
1817–1833
Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
Austria
1817–1835
Pope Gregory XVI
Papacy
1831–1846
George IV of the United Kingdom
Great Britain
1820–1830
Victoria
Great Britain
1837–1846
Bahadur Shah Zafar
Mughal Empire
1837–1846
William IV of the United Kingdom
Great Britain
1830–1837
Charles X of France
France
1824–1830
Abdülmecid I
Ottoman Empire
1839–1846
Tokugawa Ieyoshi
Japan (Shogunate)
1837–1846
John VI of Portugal
Portugal
1817–1826
Jiaqing Emperor
China
1817–1820
Miguel I of Portugal
Portugal
1828–1834
Pope Pius VII
Papacy
1817–1823
Pope Leo XII
Papacy
1823–1829
Pope Pius VIII
Papacy
1829–1830
Oscar I of Sweden
Sweden
1844–1846
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
By subscribing you agree to receive emails from us. See our Privacy Policy. Unsubscribe any time.