
Recommended read
King William IV
Philip Ziegler
Ziegler's authoritative biography of the 'Sailor King' who cleared the path to Victoria's reign.

The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.

Nicholas I of Russia
Russia
1825–1855

Frederick William III of Prussia
Prussia
1797–1840

Francis I of Austria
Austria
1804–1835

William I of the Netherlands
Netherlands
1815–1840

Isabella II of Spain
Spain
1833–1868

Mahmud II
Ottoman Empire
1808–1839

Akbar Shah II
Mughal Empire
1806–1837

Daoguang Emperor
China
1820–1850

Maria II of Portugal
Portugal
1826–1828; 1834–1853

Emperor Ninkō
Japan
1817–1846

Ferdinand I of Austria
Austria
1835–1848

Charles XIV John of Sweden
Sweden
1818–1844

Tokugawa Ienari
Japan (Shogunate)
1787–1837

Pope Gregory XVI
Papacy
1831–1846

Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
Austria
1804–1835

Ferdinand VII of Spain
Spain
1808–1808; 1814–1833

Miguel I of Portugal
Portugal
1828–1834
Tokugawa Ieyoshi
Japan (Shogunate)
1837–1853

Pope Pius VIII
Papacy
1829–1830
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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From the library
Hand-picked histories and biographies for readers who want more than the timeline: the same era, told in full.

Recommended read
Philip Ziegler
Ziegler's authoritative biography of the 'Sailor King' who cleared the path to Victoria's reign.
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