The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Francis I of Austria
Austria
1808–1813
Alexander I of Russia
Russia
1808–1813
Frederick William III of Prussia
Prussia
1808–1813
Napoleon I
France
1808–1813
Akbar Shah II
Mughal Empire
1808–1813
Jiaqing Emperor
China
1808–1813
Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
Austria
1808–1813
Mahmud II
Ottoman Empire
1808–1813
Emperor Kōkaku
Japan
1808–1813
Tokugawa Ienari
Japan (Shogunate)
1808–1813
Maria I of Portugal
Portugal
1808–1813
Pope Pius VII
Papacy
1808–1813
Charles XIII of Sweden
Sweden
1809–1813
Mustafa IV
Ottoman Empire
1808–1808
Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden
Sweden
1808–1809
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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