The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Frederick William III of Prussia
Prussia
1797–1820
Francis I of Austria
Austria
1804–1820
Alexander I of Russia
Russia
1801–1820
Louis XVIII of France
France
1815–1820
Selim III
Ottoman Empire
1796–1807
Tokugawa Ienari
Japan (Shogunate)
1796–1820
George III of Great Britain
Great Britain
1796–1801
Paul I of Russia
Russia
1796–1801
Emperor Kōkaku
Japan
1796–1817
Pope Pius VII
Papacy
1800–1820
Maria I of Portugal
Portugal
1796–1816
William I of the Netherlands
Netherlands
1815–1820
Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
Austria
1804–1820
Frederick William II of Prussia
Prussia
1796–1797
Akbar Shah II
Mughal Empire
1806–1820
Charles IV of Spain
Spain
1796–1808
Mahmud II
Ottoman Empire
1808–1820
Napoleon I
France
1804–1814
Shah Alam II
Mughal Empire
1796–1806
Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1796–1806
Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden
Sweden
1796–1809
Ferdinand VII of Spain
Spain
1814–1820
Joseph Bonaparte
Spain
1808–1813
Charles XIII of Sweden
Sweden
1809–1818
John VI of Portugal
Portugal
1816–1820
Mustafa IV
Ottoman Empire
1807–1808
Emperor Ninkō
Japan
1817–1820
Pope Pius VI
Papacy
1796–1799
Charles XIV John of Sweden
Sweden
1818–1820
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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