Alexander I: The Tsar Who Defeated Napoleon
Marie-Pierre Rey
Rey on the enigmatic emperor who led the coalition that brought down Napoleon.
The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Francis I of Austria
Austria
1804–1825
Frederick William III of Prussia
Prussia
1801–1825
Louis XVIII of France
France
1815–1824
Tokugawa Ienari
Japan (Shogunate)
1801–1825
William I of the Netherlands
Netherlands
1815–1825
Selim III
Ottoman Empire
1801–1807
Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
Austria
1804–1825
Jiaqing Emperor
China
1801–1820
Pope Pius VII
Papacy
1801–1823
Akbar Shah II
Mughal Empire
1806–1825
Mahmud II
Ottoman Empire
1808–1825
Emperor Kōkaku
Japan
1801–1817
Maria I of Portugal
Portugal
1801–1816
Ferdinand VII of Spain
Spain
1814–1825
Napoleon I
France
1804–1814
Charles IV of Spain
Spain
1801–1808
John VI of Portugal
Portugal
1816–1825
George IV of the United Kingdom
Great Britain
1820–1825
Shah Alam II
Mughal Empire
1801–1806
Emperor Ninkō
Japan
1817–1825
Joseph Bonaparte
Spain
1808–1813
Daoguang Emperor
China
1820–1825
Charles XIII of Sweden
Sweden
1809–1818
Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1801–1806
Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden
Sweden
1801–1809
Charles XIV John of Sweden
Sweden
1818–1825
Charles X of France
France
1824–1825
Mustafa IV
Ottoman Empire
1807–1808
Pope Leo XII
Papacy
1823–1825
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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Further Reading
Well-regarded biographies and histories to go deeper on Alexander I of Russia's life and times.
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