The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Francis I of Austria
Austria
1804–1823
Alexander I of Russia
Russia
1801–1823
Frederick William III of Prussia
Prussia
1800–1823
Louis XVIII of France
France
1815–1823
Selim III
Ottoman Empire
1800–1807
Tokugawa Ienari
Japan (Shogunate)
1800–1823
Jiaqing Emperor
China
1800–1820
William I of the Netherlands
Netherlands
1815–1823
Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
Austria
1804–1823
Akbar Shah II
Mughal Empire
1806–1823
Mahmud II
Ottoman Empire
1808–1823
Emperor Kōkaku
Japan
1800–1817
Maria I of Portugal
Portugal
1800–1816
Napoleon I
France
1804–1814
Ferdinand VII of Spain
Spain
1814–1823
Charles IV of Spain
Spain
1800–1808
Shah Alam II
Mughal Empire
1800–1806
Joseph Bonaparte
Spain
1808–1813
Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1800–1806
Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden
Sweden
1800–1809
John VI of Portugal
Portugal
1816–1823
Charles XIII of Sweden
Sweden
1809–1818
George IV of the United Kingdom
Great Britain
1820–1823
Emperor Ninkō
Japan
1817–1823
Daoguang Emperor
China
1820–1823
Mustafa IV
Ottoman Empire
1807–1808
Charles XIV John of Sweden
Sweden
1818–1823
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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