The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
John, King of England
England
1208–1210
Alfonso VIII of Castile
Spain
1208–1210
Peter II of Aragon
Spain
1208–1210
Minamoto no Sanetomo
Japan (Shogunate)
1208–1210
Sancho I of Portugal
Portugal
1208–1210
Erik Knutsson
Sweden
1208–1210
Philip II of France
France
1208–1210
Emperor Ningzong of Song
China
1208–1210
Theodore I Laskaris
Rome
1208–1210
William the Lion
Scotland
1208–1210
Emperor Tsuchimikado
Japan
1208–1210
Pope Innocent III
Papacy
1208–1210
Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1209–1210
Emperor Zhangzong of Jin
China
1208–1209
Wanyan Yongji
China
1209–1210
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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