A History of Medieval Spain
Joseph F. O'Callaghan
The expansion of the Crown of Aragon under Alfonso the Chaste.
The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Alfonso VIII of Castile
Spain
1164–1196
Henry II of England
England
1164–1189
Afonso I of Portugal
Portugal
1164–1185
Knut Eriksson
Sweden
1173–1196
William the Lion
Scotland
1165–1196
Richard I of England
England
1189–1196
Sancho I of Portugal
Portugal
1185–1196
Emperor Shizong of Jin
China
1164–1189
Emperor Xiaozong of Song
China
1164–1189
Frederick Barbarossa
Holy Roman Empire
1164–1190
Minamoto no Yoritomo
Japan (Shogunate)
1192–1196
Louis VII of France
France
1164–1180
Philip II of France
France
1180–1196
Karl Sverkersson
Sweden
1164–1167
Manuel I Komnenos
Rome
1164–1180
Pope Alexander III
Papacy
1164–1181
Emperor Go-Toba
Japan
1183–1196
Isaac II Angelos
Rome
1185–1195
Emperor Takakura
Japan
1168–1180
Emperor Guangzong of Song
China
1189–1194
Henry VI
Holy Roman Empire
1191–1196
Emperor Zhangzong of Jin
China
1189–1196
Alexios II Komnenos
Rome
1180–1183
Andronikos I Komnenos
Rome
1183–1185
Emperor Ningzong of Song
China
1194–1196
Emperor Antoku
Japan
1180–1185
Pope Celestine III
Papacy
1191–1196
Pope Lucius III
Papacy
1181–1185
Emperor Rokujō
Japan
1165–1168
Pope Clement III
Papacy
1188–1191
Pope Urban III
Papacy
1185–1187
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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Further Reading
Well-regarded biographies and histories to go deeper on Alfonso II of Aragon's life and times.
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