Recommended read
A History of Medieval Spain
Joseph F. O'Callaghan
The expansion of the Crown of Aragon under Alfonso the Chaste.
The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Alfonso VIII of Castile
Spain
1158–1214
Henry II of England
England
1154–1189
Afonso I of Portugal
Portugal
1139–1185
Knut Eriksson
Sweden
1173–1196; 1173–1195
William the Lion
Scotland
1165–1214
Richard I of England
England
1189–1199
Sancho I of Portugal
Portugal
1185–1211
Emperor Shizong of Jin
China
1161–1189
Emperor Xiaozong of Song
China
1162–1189
Frederick Barbarossa
Holy Roman Empire
1155–1190
Minamoto no Yoritomo
Japan (Shogunate)
1192–1199
Louis VII of France
France
1137–1180
Philip II of France
France
1180–1223
Karl Sverkersson
Sweden
1161–1167
Manuel I Komnenos
Rome
1143–1180
Pope Alexander III
Papacy
1159–1181
Emperor Go-Toba
Japan
1183–1198
Isaac II Angelos
Rome
1185–1195; 1203–1204
Emperor Takakura
Japan
1168–1180
Emperor Guangzong of Song
China
1189–1194
Henry VI
Holy Roman Empire
1191–1197
Emperor Zhangzong of Jin
China
1189–1209
Alexios II Komnenos
Rome
1180–1183
Andronikos I Komnenos
Rome
1183–1185
Emperor Ningzong of Song
China
1194–1224
Emperor Antoku
Japan
1180–1185
Pope Celestine III
Papacy
1191–1198
Pope Lucius III
Papacy
1181–1185
Emperor Rokujō
Japan
1165–1168
Pope Clement III
Papacy
1188–1191
Pope Urban III
Papacy
1185–1187
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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From the library
Go deeper on Alfonso II of Aragon
Hand-picked histories and biographies for readers who want more than the timeline: the same era, told in full.
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