The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Alfonso VIII of Castile
Spain
1198–1210
Peter II of Aragon
Spain
1198–1210
John, King of England
England
1199–1210
Sancho I of Portugal
Portugal
1198–1210
Minamoto no Sanetomo
Japan (Shogunate)
1203–1210
Philip II of France
France
1198–1210
Emperor Ningzong of Song
China
1198–1210
William the Lion
Scotland
1198–1210
Pope Innocent III
Papacy
1198–1210
Richard I of England
England
1198–1199
Emperor Zhangzong of Jin
China
1198–1209
Erik Knutsson
Sweden
1208–1210
Sverker II of Sweden
Sweden
1198–1208
Minamoto no Yoriie
Japan (Shogunate)
1202–1203
Minamoto no Yoritomo
Japan (Shogunate)
1198–1199
Theodore I Laskaris
Rome
1205–1210
Alexios III Angelos
Rome
1198–1203
Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1209–1210
Isaac II Angelos
Rome
1203–1204
Constantine Laskaris
Rome
1204–1205
Wanyan Yongji
China
1209–1210
Nicholas Laskaris
Rome
1208–1210
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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