
Recommended read
The Chronicle of James I of Aragon
James I of Aragon
James I's memoir is the essential source for the Aragonese crown Peter II fought to defend.

The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.

Alfonso VIII of Castile
Spain
1158–1214

John, King of England
England
1199–1216

Sancho I of Portugal
Portugal
1185–1211

Minamoto no Sanetomo
Japan (Shogunate)
1203–1219

Philip II of France
France
1180–1223

Emperor Ningzong of Song
China
1194–1224

William the Lion
Scotland
1165–1214

Richard I of England
England
1189–1199

Pope Innocent III
Papacy
1198–1216

Erik Knutsson
Sweden
1208–1216

Minamoto no Yoritomo
Japan (Shogunate)
1192–1199

Emperor Tsuchimikado
Japan
1198–1210
Emperor Zhangzong of Jin
China
1189–1209

Afonso II of Portugal
Portugal
1211–1223

Minamoto no Yoriie
Japan (Shogunate)
1202–1203

Sverker II of Sweden
Sweden
1195–1208

Theodore I Laskaris
Rome
1205–1222

Alexios III Angelos
Rome
1195–1203

Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1209–1218
Wanyan Yongji
China
1209–1213

Henry VI
Holy Roman Empire
1191–1197

Isaac II Angelos
Rome
1185–1195; 1203–1204

Constantine Laskaris
Rome
1204–1205

Emperor Go-Toba
Japan
1183–1198

Emperor Juntoku
Japan
1210–1221

Pope Celestine III
Papacy
1191–1198
Nicholas Laskaris
Rome
1208–1210
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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From the library
Hand-picked histories and biographies for readers who want more than the timeline: the same era, told in full.

Recommended read
James I of Aragon
James I's memoir is the essential source for the Aragonese crown Peter II fought to defend.
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