The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
John, King of England
England
1208–1216
Minamoto no Sanetomo
Japan (Shogunate)
1208–1216
Alfonso VIII of Castile
Spain
1208–1214
Peter II of Aragon
Spain
1208–1213
Afonso II of Portugal
Portugal
1211–1216
Philip II of France
France
1208–1216
Emperor Ningzong of Song
China
1208–1216
James I of Aragon
Spain
1213–1216
Theodore I Laskaris
Rome
1208–1216
Pope Innocent III
Papacy
1208–1216
Henry I of Castile
Spain
1214–1216
Sancho I of Portugal
Portugal
1208–1211
Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1209–1216
William the Lion
Scotland
1208–1214
Emperor Juntoku
Japan
1210–1216
Wanyan Yongji
China
1209–1213
Emperor Tsuchimikado
Japan
1208–1210
Emperor Xuanzong of Jin
China
1213–1216
Alexander II of Scotland
Scotland
1214–1216
Nicholas Laskaris
Rome
1208–1210
Emperor Zhangzong of Jin
China
1208–1209
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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