The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
John, King of England
England
1209–1213
Alfonso VIII of Castile
Spain
1209–1213
Minamoto no Sanetomo
Japan (Shogunate)
1209–1213
Peter II of Aragon
Spain
1209–1213
Erik Knutsson
Sweden
1209–1213
Philip II of France
France
1209–1213
Emperor Ningzong of Song
China
1209–1213
Afonso II of Portugal
Portugal
1211–1213
Theodore I Laskaris
Rome
1209–1213
Sancho I of Portugal
Portugal
1209–1211
Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1209–1213
William the Lion
Scotland
1209–1213
Pope Innocent III
Papacy
1209–1213
James I of Aragon
Spain
1213–1213
Emperor Juntoku
Japan
1210–1213
Emperor Tsuchimikado
Japan
1209–1210
Nicholas Laskaris
Rome
1209–1210
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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