
The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.

Edward I of England
England
1277–1280

Kublai Khan
China
1277–1280

Philip III of France
France
1277–1280

Denis I of Portugal
Portugal
1279–1280

Michael VIII Palaiologos
Rome
1277–1280

Anna of Hungary
Rome
1277–1280
Afonso III of Portugal
Portugal
1277–1279
Alexander III of Scotland
Scotland
1277–1280

Emperor Go-Uda
Japan
1277–1280

Magnus III of Sweden
Sweden
1277–1280

Zhao Bing
China
1278–1279

Emperor Duanzong of Song
China
1277–1278
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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