The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Isabella II of Spain
Spain
1846–1867
Franz Joseph I of Austria
Austria
1848–1867
William III of the Netherlands
Netherlands
1849–1867
Frederick William IV of Prussia
Prussia
1846–1861
Alexander II of Russia
Russia
1855–1867
Nicholas I of Russia
Russia
1846–1855
Victoria
Great Britain
1846–1867
Pope Pius IX
Papacy
1846–1867
Maria II of Portugal
Portugal
1846–1853
Wilhelm I
Prussia
1861–1867
Abdülmecid I
Ottoman Empire
1846–1861
Napoleon III
France
1852–1867
Ferdinand I of Austria
Austria
1846–1848
Hong Xiuquan
China
1851–1864
William II of the Netherlands
Netherlands
1846–1849
Bahadur Shah Zafar
Mughal Empire
1846–1857
Xianfeng Emperor
China
1850–1861
Oscar I of Sweden
Sweden
1846–1859
Abdulaziz
Ottoman Empire
1861–1867
Tokugawa Iemochi
Japan (Shogunate)
1858–1866
Pedro V of Portugal
Portugal
1853–1861
Tongzhi Emperor
China
1861–1867
Tokugawa Ieyoshi
Japan (Shogunate)
1846–1853
Daoguang Emperor
China
1846–1850
Charles XV
Sweden
1859–1867
Luís I of Portugal
Portugal
1861–1867
Tokugawa Iesada
Japan (Shogunate)
1853–1858
Tokugawa Yoshinobu
Japan (Shogunate)
1866–1867
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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