The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Louis XIV of France
France
1645–1646
Charles I of England
England
1645–1646
Shah Jahan
Mughal Empire
1645–1646
Ibrahim I
Ottoman Empire
1645–1646
Shunzhi Emperor
China
1645–1646
Philip IV of Spain
Spain
1645–1646
Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1645–1646
Charles I of England
Scotland
1645–1646
Emperor Go-Kōmyō
Japan
1645–1646
Tokugawa Iemitsu
Japan (Shogunate)
1645–1646
John IV of Portugal
Portugal
1645–1646
Pope Innocent X
Papacy
1645–1646
Christina, Queen of Sweden
Sweden
1645–1646
Li Zijing
China
1645–1646
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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