
A History of Scandinavia
T. K. Derry
Gustav IV Adolf, Finland lost to Russia and abdication after 1809.

The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.

Selim III
Ottoman Empire
1792–1807

Frederick William III of Prussia
Prussia
1797–1809

George III of Great Britain
Great Britain
1792–1801

Francis I of Austria
Austria
1804–1809

Alexander I of Russia
Russia
1801–1809

Charles IV of Spain
Spain
1792–1808

Emperor Kōkaku
Japan
1792–1809

Tokugawa Ienari
Japan (Shogunate)
1792–1809

Maria I of Portugal
Portugal
1792–1809

Catherine II of Russia
Russia
1792–1796

Shah Alam II
Mughal Empire
1792–1806

Paul I of Russia
Russia
1796–1801

Frederick William II of Prussia
Prussia
1792–1797

Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1792–1806

Jiaqing Emperor
China
1796–1809

Pope Pius VII
Papacy
1800–1809

Napoleon I
France
1804–1809

Pope Pius VI
Papacy
1792–1799

Qianlong Emperor
China
1792–1796

Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
Austria
1804–1809

Louis XVII of France
France
1793–1795

Akbar Shah II
Mughal Empire
1806–1809

Mustafa IV
Ottoman Empire
1807–1808

Joseph Bonaparte
Spain
1808–1809
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Well-regarded biographies and histories to go deeper on Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden's life and times.

T. K. Derry
Gustav IV Adolf, Finland lost to Russia and abdication after 1809.
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