The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
George III of Great Britain
Great Britain
1789–1801
Frederick William III of Prussia
Prussia
1797–1807
Catherine II of Russia
Russia
1789–1796
Charles IV of Spain
Spain
1789–1807
Shah Alam II
Mughal Empire
1789–1806
Frederick William II of Prussia
Prussia
1789–1797
Francis I of Austria
Austria
1804–1807
Alexander I of Russia
Russia
1801–1807
Emperor Kōkaku
Japan
1789–1807
Tokugawa Ienari
Japan (Shogunate)
1789–1807
Maria I of Portugal
Portugal
1789–1807
Paul I of Russia
Russia
1796–1801
Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1792–1806
Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden
Sweden
1792–1807
Jiaqing Emperor
China
1796–1807
Pope Pius VI
Papacy
1789–1799
Qianlong Emperor
China
1789–1796
Napoleon I
France
1799–1804
Pope Pius VII
Papacy
1800–1807
Louis XVI of France
France
1789–1791
Louis XVII of France
France
1793–1795
Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
Austria
1804–1807
Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1790–1792
Gustav III of Sweden
Sweden
1789–1792
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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