Recommended read
The Cambridge Illustrated History of France
Colin Jones
The best single-volume illustrated history of France, from Gaul to the Fifth Republic.
The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Alfonso VI of León and Castile
Spain
1072–1109
Alexios I Komnenos
Rome
1081–1118
William the Conqueror
England
1066–1087
Henry IV
Holy Roman Empire
1084–1106
Blot-Sweyn
Sweden
1084–1118
Sancho II of León and Castile
Spain
1065–1072
Emperor Daozong of Liao
China
1055–1101
Malcolm III of Scotland
Scotland
1058–1093
Inge the Younger
Sweden
1105–1125
Emperor Shenzong of Song
China
1067–1085
Konstantios Doukas
Rome
1060–1078
Emperor Horikawa
Japan
1087–1107
Emperor Zhezong of Song
China
1085–1100
William II of England
England
1087–1100
Michael VII Doukas
Rome
1067–1078
Emperor Shirakawa
Japan
1073–1087
Henry I of England
England
1100–1135
Emperor Huizong of Song
China
1100–1126
Pope Gregory VII
Papacy
1073–1085
Edward the Confessor
England
1042–1066
Constantine X Doukas
Rome
1059–1067
Pope Alexander II
Papacy
1061–1073
Pope Urban II
Papacy
1088–1099
Edgar, King of Scotland
Scotland
1097–1107
Emperor Yingzong of Song
China
1063–1067
Pope Paschal II
Papacy
1099–1118
Emperor Renzong of Song
China
1022–1063
Emperor Go-Reizei
Japan
1045–1068
Romanos IV Diogenes
Rome
1068–1071
Nikephoros III Botaneiates
Rome
1078–1081
Emperor Tianzuo of Liao
China
1101–1125
Emperor Go-Sanjō
Japan
1068–1073
Stenkil
Sweden
1060–1066
Philip of Sweden
Sweden
1105–1118
Edmund of Scotland
Scotland
1094–1097
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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From the library
Go deeper on Philip I of France
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