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Absolute Monarchs: A History of the Papacy
John Julius Norwich
Norwich's narrative history of the popes, from Saint Peter's successors to the modern Vatican.
The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Alexios I Komnenos
Rome
1081–1118
Blot-Sweyn
Sweden
1084–1118
Alfonso VI of León and Castile
Spain
1072–1109
Inge the Younger
Sweden
1105–1125
Emperor Huizong of Song
China
1100–1126
Henry I of England
England
1100–1135
Henry V
Holy Roman Empire
1111–1125
Henry IV
Holy Roman Empire
1084–1106
Emperor Tianzuo of Liao
China
1101–1125
Urraca of León
Spain
1109–1111
Louis VI of France
France
1108–1137
Philip I of France
France
1060–1108
Alexander I of Scotland
Scotland
1107–1124
Philip of Sweden
Sweden
1105–1118
Emperor Toba
Japan
1107–1123
Emperor Horikawa
Japan
1087–1107
Edgar, King of Scotland
Scotland
1097–1107
Emperor Taizu of Jin
China
1115–1123
William II of England
England
1087–1100
Emperor Daozong of Liao
China
1055–1101
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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From the library
Go deeper on Pope Paschal II
Hand-picked histories and biographies for readers who want more than the timeline: the same era, told in full.
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