
Recommended read
Edward the Confessor
Frank Barlow
The Yale English Monarchs life, still the standard on the last Anglo-Saxon king before 1066.

The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.

Henry III
Holy Roman Empire
1046–1056

Emperor Renzong of Song
China
1022–1063

Henry I of France
France
1031–1060

Anund Jacob
Sweden
1022–1050

Emperor Go-Reizei
Japan
1045–1068

Theodora Porphyrogenita
Rome
1042–1056

Macbeth, King of Scotland
Scotland
1040–1057

Zoe Porphyrogenita
Rome
1042–1055
Constantine IX Monomachos
Rome
1042–1055
Emperor Xingzong of Liao
China
1031–1055
Macbeth
Scotland
1040–1057
Emperor Daozong of Liao
China
1055–1101

Philip I of France
France
1060–1108

Malcolm III of Scotland
Scotland
1058–1093

Constantine X Doukas
Rome
1059–1067

Konstantios Doukas
Rome
1060–1078

Emperor Yingzong of Song
China
1063–1067

Pope Leo IX
Papacy
1049–1054
Emund the Old
Sweden
1050–1060

Isaac I Komnenos
Rome
1057–1059

Stenkil
Sweden
1060–1066

Pope Alexander II
Papacy
1061–1073

Emperor Go-Suzaku
Japan
1036–1045

Pope Benedict IX
Papacy
1032–1044; 1045–1045; 1047–1048

Pope Nicholas II
Papacy
1059–1061
Pope Victor II
Papacy
1055–1057

Pope Gregory VI
Papacy
1045–1047
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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From the library
Hand-picked histories and biographies for readers who want more than the timeline: the same era, told in full.

Recommended read
Frank Barlow
The Yale English Monarchs life, still the standard on the last Anglo-Saxon king before 1066.
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