The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
William the Conqueror
England
1067–1078
Sancho II of León and Castile
Spain
1067–1072
Alfonso VI of León and Castile
Spain
1072–1078
Philip I of France
France
1067–1078
Emperor Shenzong of Song
China
1067–1078
Konstantios Doukas
Rome
1067–1078
Malcolm III of Scotland
Scotland
1067–1078
Emperor Daozong of Liao
China
1067–1078
Pope Alexander II
Papacy
1067–1073
Emperor Shirakawa
Japan
1073–1078
Pope Gregory VII
Papacy
1073–1078
Emperor Go-Sanjō
Japan
1068–1073
Romanos IV Diogenes
Rome
1068–1071
Andronikos Doukas
Rome
1068–1070
Anund Gårdske
Sweden
1070–1075
Emperor Go-Reizei
Japan
1067–1068
Halsten Stenkilsson
Sweden
1067–1070
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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