The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
William the Conqueror
England
1068–1073
Sancho II of León and Castile
Spain
1068–1072
Philip I of France
France
1068–1073
Emperor Shenzong of Song
China
1068–1073
Konstantios Doukas
Rome
1068–1073
Michael VII Doukas
Rome
1068–1073
Malcolm III of Scotland
Scotland
1068–1073
Pope Alexander II
Papacy
1068–1073
Emperor Daozong of Liao
China
1068–1073
Alfonso VI of León and Castile
Spain
1072–1073
Romanos IV Diogenes
Rome
1068–1071
Anund Gårdske
Sweden
1070–1073
Andronikos Doukas
Rome
1068–1070
Halsten Stenkilsson
Sweden
1068–1070
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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