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The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Alfonso VI of León and Castile
Spain
1072–1109
Alexios I Komnenos
Rome
1081–1118
Henry IV
Holy Roman Empire
1084–1106
Blot-Sweyn
Sweden
1084–1118
Philip I of France
France
1060–1108
Emperor Zhezong of Song
China
1085–1100
William II of England
England
1087–1100
Inge the Younger
Sweden
1105–1125
Emperor Daozong of Liao
China
1055–1101
Pope Urban II
Papacy
1088–1099
Edgar, King of Scotland
Scotland
1097–1107
Emperor Huizong of Song
China
1100–1126
Henry I of England
England
1100–1135
Pope Paschal II
Papacy
1099–1118
Malcolm III of Scotland
Scotland
1058–1093
Emperor Tianzuo of Liao
China
1101–1125
Donald III of Scotland
Scotland
1093–1094; 1094–1097
Philip of Sweden
Sweden
1105–1118
Edmund of Scotland
Scotland
1094–1097
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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From the library
Go deeper on Emperor Horikawa
Hand-picked histories and biographies for readers who want more than the timeline: the same era, told in full.
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