
Scotland: A History
Jenny Wormald
The standard one-volume history of Scotland, essential context for the early kingdom and its kings.

The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.

Alfonso VI of León and Castile
Spain
1097–1107

Alexios I Komnenos
Rome
1097–1107

Henry IV
Holy Roman Empire
1097–1106

Blot-Sweyn
Sweden
1097–1107

Philip I of France
France
1097–1107

Emperor Horikawa
Japan
1097–1107

Emperor Huizong of Song
China
1100–1107

Henry I of England
England
1100–1107

Pope Paschal II
Papacy
1099–1107

Inge the Younger
Sweden
1105–1107
Emperor Tianzuo of Liao
China
1101–1107

William II of England
England
1097–1100

Emperor Zhezong of Song
China
1097–1100
Emperor Daozong of Liao
China
1097–1101

Pope Urban II
Papacy
1097–1099

Philip of Sweden
Sweden
1105–1107
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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Well-regarded biographies and histories to go deeper on Edgar, King of Scotland's life and times.

Jenny Wormald
The standard one-volume history of Scotland, essential context for the early kingdom and its kings.

Bruce Webster
A concise survey of medieval Scotland that situates Edgar, King of Scotland within church, lordship, and crown.
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