The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
William the Conqueror
England
1066–1078
Sancho II of León and Castile
Spain
1065–1072
Philip I of France
France
1060–1078
Malcolm III of Scotland
Scotland
1060–1078
Alfonso VI of León and Castile
Spain
1072–1078
Emperor Daozong of Liao
China
1060–1078
Emperor Shenzong of Song
China
1067–1078
Michael VII Doukas
Rome
1067–1078
Pope Alexander II
Papacy
1061–1073
Constantine X Doukas
Rome
1060–1067
Emperor Go-Reizei
Japan
1060–1068
Edward the Confessor
England
1060–1066
Emperor Yingzong of Song
China
1063–1067
Emperor Renzong of Song
China
1060–1063
Emperor Shirakawa
Japan
1073–1078
Emperor Go-Sanjō
Japan
1068–1073
Stenkil
Sweden
1060–1066
Romanos IV Diogenes
Rome
1068–1071
Pope Gregory VII
Papacy
1073–1078
Andronikos Doukas
Rome
1068–1070
Eric the Pagan
Sweden
1066–1067
Eric Stenkilsson
Sweden
1066–1067
Pope Nicholas II
Papacy
1060–1061
Anund Gårdske
Sweden
1070–1075
Halsten Stenkilsson
Sweden
1067–1070
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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