The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Alfonso VI of León and Castile
Spain
1072–1101
William the Conqueror
England
1066–1087
Alexios I Komnenos
Rome
1081–1101
Philip I of France
France
1060–1101
Henry IV
Holy Roman Empire
1084–1101
Blot-Sweyn
Sweden
1084–1101
Sancho II of León and Castile
Spain
1065–1072
Malcolm III of Scotland
Scotland
1058–1093
Emperor Shenzong of Song
China
1067–1085
Konstantios Doukas
Rome
1060–1078
Emperor Zhezong of Song
China
1085–1100
William II of England
England
1087–1100
Edward the Confessor
England
1055–1066
Michael VII Doukas
Rome
1067–1078
Emperor Shirakawa
Japan
1073–1087
Emperor Horikawa
Japan
1087–1101
Emperor Go-Reizei
Japan
1055–1068
Emperor Renzong of Song
China
1055–1063
Henry I of France
France
1055–1060
Pope Gregory VII
Papacy
1073–1085
Constantine X Doukas
Rome
1059–1067
Pope Alexander II
Papacy
1061–1073
Pope Urban II
Papacy
1088–1099
Emperor Yingzong of Song
China
1063–1067
Romanos IV Diogenes
Rome
1068–1071
Nikephoros III Botaneiates
Rome
1078–1081
Isaac I Komnenos
Rome
1057–1059
Emperor Go-Sanjō
Japan
1068–1073
Edgar, King of Scotland
Scotland
1097–1101
Donald III of Scotland
Scotland
1094–1097
Stenkil
Sweden
1060–1066
Pope Nicholas II
Papacy
1059–1061
Edmund of Scotland
Scotland
1094–1097
Anund Gårdske
Sweden
1070–1075
Emund the Old
Sweden
1055–1060
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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