Recommended read
Heart of Europe: A History of the Holy Roman Empire
Peter H. Wilson
The standard modern history of the empire and its emperors, from Charlemagne to Napoleon.
Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor
- Life
- 1415–1493
The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Mehmed II
Ottoman Empire
1444–1446; 1451–1481
Afonso V of Portugal
Portugal
1438–1481
Louis XI of France
France
1461–1483
Bayezid II
Ottoman Empire
1481–1512
Charles VII of France
France
1422–1461
Henry VI of England
England
1422–1461; 1470–1471
Henry VII of England
England
1485–1509
Richard III of England
England
1483–1485
Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado
Japan
1464–1500
James III of Scotland
Scotland
1460–1488
Chenghua Emperor
China
1464–1487
Pope Nicholas V
Papacy
1447–1455
John II of Aragon
Spain
1458–1479
Ashikaga Yoshimasa
Japan (Shogunate)
1449–1474
Ferdinand II of Aragon
Spain
1479–1516
Edward IV of England
England
1461–1470; 1471–1483
Charles VIII of France
France
1483–1498
Ashikaga Yoshihisa
Japan (Shogunate)
1474–1489
Emperor Go-Hanazono
Japan
1428–1464
Pope Sixtus IV
Papacy
1471–1484
Emperor Yingzong of Ming
China
1435–1449; 1457–1464
John II of Portugal
Portugal
1477–1477; 1481–1495
Alfonso V of Aragon
Spain
1416–1458
Hongzhi Emperor
China
1487–1505
Jingtai Emperor
China
1449–1457
James II of Scotland
Scotland
1437–1460
Pope Innocent VIII
Papacy
1484–1492
James IV of Scotland
Scotland
1488–1513
Pope Paul II
Papacy
1464–1471
Pope Pius II
Papacy
1458–1464
Christian I of Denmark
Sweden
1457–1464
Pope Callixtus III
Papacy
1455–1458
Ashikaga Yoshitane
Japan (Shogunate)
1490–1493; 1508–1522
Karl Knutsson
Sweden
1448–1457; 1464–1465
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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From the library
Go deeper on Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor
Hand-picked histories and biographies for readers who want more than the timeline: the same era, told in full.
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