
The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.

Charles VII of France
France
1447–1455

Henry VI of England
England
1447–1455

Afonso V of Portugal
Portugal
1447–1455

Mehmed II
Ottoman Empire
1451–1455

Murad II
Ottoman Empire
1447–1451

Alfonso V of Aragon
Spain
1447–1455

James II of Scotland
Scotland
1447–1455

Emperor Go-Hanazono
Japan
1447–1455

Jingtai Emperor
China
1449–1455

Ashikaga Yoshimasa
Japan (Shogunate)
1449–1455

Karl Knutsson
Sweden
1448–1455

Constantine XI Palaiologos
Rome
1449–1453

Emperor Yingzong of Ming
China
1447–1449

Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1452–1455

John VIII Palaiologos
Rome
1447–1448

Christopher of Bavaria
Sweden
1447–1448
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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