A History of Portugal and the Portuguese Empire
A. R. Disney
Afonso V the African, Morocco, Ceuta, and Portuguese expansion in the fifteenth century.
The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Mehmed II
Ottoman Empire
1451–1481
Charles VII of France
France
1438–1461
Henry VI of England
England
1438–1461
Louis XI of France
France
1461–1481
Murad II
Ottoman Empire
1438–1444
Pope Nicholas V
Papacy
1447–1455
Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1452–1481
Ashikaga Yoshinori
Japan (Shogunate)
1438–1441
Emperor Go-Hanazono
Japan
1438–1464
John II of Aragon
Spain
1458–1479
Ashikaga Yoshimasa
Japan (Shogunate)
1449–1474
Alfonso V of Aragon
Spain
1438–1458
James II of Scotland
Scotland
1438–1460
Chenghua Emperor
China
1464–1481
James III of Scotland
Scotland
1460–1481
Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado
Japan
1464–1481
Emperor Yingzong of Ming
China
1438–1449
Edward IV of England
England
1471–1481
John VIII Palaiologos
Rome
1438–1448
Jingtai Emperor
China
1449–1457
Pope Sixtus IV
Papacy
1471–1481
Constantine XI Palaiologos
Rome
1449–1453
Pope Eugene IV
Papacy
1438–1447
Ashikaga Yoshihisa
Japan (Shogunate)
1474–1481
Ferdinand II of Aragon
Spain
1479–1481
Pope Paul II
Papacy
1464–1471
Karl Knutsson
Sweden
1448–1457
Pope Pius II
Papacy
1458–1464
Christian I of Denmark
Sweden
1457–1464
Christopher of Bavaria
Sweden
1441–1448
Pope Callixtus III
Papacy
1455–1458
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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Further Reading
Well-regarded biographies and histories to go deeper on Afonso V of Portugal's life and times.
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