
Louis XI: The Universal Spider
Paul Murray Kendall
Kendall's vivid portrait of the wily king who united France after the Hundred Years' War.

The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.

Mehmed II
Ottoman Empire
1461–1481

Afonso V of Portugal
Portugal
1461–1481

Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1461–1483

James III of Scotland
Scotland
1461–1483

Chenghua Emperor
China
1464–1483

John II of Aragon
Spain
1461–1479

Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado
Japan
1464–1483

Bayezid II
Ottoman Empire
1481–1483

Edward IV of England
England
1471–1483

Ashikaga Yoshimasa
Japan (Shogunate)
1461–1474

Pope Sixtus IV
Papacy
1471–1483

Ashikaga Yoshihisa
Japan (Shogunate)
1474–1483

Ferdinand II of Aragon
Spain
1479–1483

Pope Paul II
Papacy
1464–1471

Emperor Yingzong of Ming
China
1461–1464

Emperor Go-Hanazono
Japan
1461–1464

Pope Pius II
Papacy
1461–1464

John II of Portugal
Portugal
1481–1483

Christian I of Denmark
Sweden
1461–1464
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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Well-regarded biographies and histories to go deeper on Louis XI of France's life and times.

Paul Murray Kendall
Kendall's vivid portrait of the wily king who united France after the Hundred Years' War.
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