The Bruce
Barbour, John
A well-regarded work on James II of Scotland and scottish history, useful for going deeper beyond this page.
The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Charles VII of France
France
1437–1460
Henry VI of England
England
1437–1460
Afonso V of Portugal
Portugal
1438–1460
Mehmed II
Ottoman Empire
1451–1460
Murad II
Ottoman Empire
1437–1444
Alfonso V of Aragon
Spain
1437–1458
Emperor Go-Hanazono
Japan
1437–1460
Pope Nicholas V
Papacy
1447–1455
Ashikaga Yoshinori
Japan (Shogunate)
1437–1441
Edward, King of Portugal
Portugal
1437–1438
Emperor Yingzong of Ming
China
1437–1449
John VIII Palaiologos
Rome
1437–1448
Ashikaga Yoshimasa
Japan (Shogunate)
1449–1460
Jingtai Emperor
China
1449–1457
Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1452–1460
Pope Eugene IV
Papacy
1437–1447
Karl Knutsson
Sweden
1448–1457
Constantine XI Palaiologos
Rome
1449–1453
John II of Aragon
Spain
1458–1460
Christopher of Bavaria
Sweden
1441–1448
Pope Callixtus III
Papacy
1455–1458
Pope Pius II
Papacy
1458–1460
Christian I of Denmark
Sweden
1457–1460
Erik of Pomerania
Sweden
1437–1439
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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Further Reading
Well-regarded biographies and histories to go deeper on James II of Scotland's life and times.
James II
Christine McGladdery
A well-regarded work on James II of Scotland and scottish history, useful for going deeper beyond this page.
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