
Recommended read
James IV
Norman Macdougall
A well-regarded work on James IV of Scotland and scottish history, useful for going deeper beyond this page.

The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.

Bayezid II
Ottoman Empire
1481–1512

Henry VII of England
England
1485–1509

Ferdinand II of Aragon
Spain
1479–1516

Henry VIII of England
England
1509–1547

Hongzhi Emperor
China
1487–1505

Louis XII of France
France
1498–1515

Selim I
Ottoman Empire
1512–1520

Manuel I of Portugal
Portugal
1495–1521

Charles VIII of France
France
1483–1498

Emperor Go-Kashiwabara
Japan
1500–1526

Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado
Japan
1464–1500

Ashikaga Yoshizumi
Japan (Shogunate)
1495–1508

Zhengde Emperor
China
1505–1521

Pope Alexander VI
Papacy
1492–1503

Pope Julius II
Papacy
1503–1513

Maximilian I
Holy Roman Empire
1508–1519

John II of Portugal
Portugal
1477–1477; 1481–1495

Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1452–1493

Ashikaga Yoshitane
Japan (Shogunate)
1490–1493; 1508–1522

Pope Innocent VIII
Papacy
1484–1492

Hans, King of Denmark
Sweden
1497–1501
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From the library
Hand-picked histories and biographies for readers who want more than the timeline: the same era, told in full.

Recommended read
Norman Macdougall
A well-regarded work on James IV of Scotland and scottish history, useful for going deeper beyond this page.
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