A History of Portugal and the Portuguese Empire
A. R. Disney
John II the Perfect Prince, centralisation, exploration policy, and the consolidation of royal power.
John II of Portugal
- Life
- 1455–1495
The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Bayezid II
Ottoman Empire
1481–1495
Henry VII of England
England
1485–1495
Ferdinand II of Aragon
Spain
1481–1495
Charles VIII of France
France
1483–1495
Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado
Japan
1481–1495
Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1481–1493
Louis XI of France
France
1481–1483
Richard III of England
England
1483–1485
Hongzhi Emperor
China
1487–1495
James IV of Scotland
Scotland
1488–1495
Chenghua Emperor
China
1481–1487
Pope Innocent VIII
Papacy
1484–1492
Ashikaga Yoshihisa
Japan (Shogunate)
1481–1489
James III of Scotland
Scotland
1481–1488
Edward IV of England
England
1481–1483
Pope Alexander VI
Papacy
1492–1495
Ashikaga Yoshitane
Japan (Shogunate)
1490–1493
Pope Sixtus IV
Papacy
1481–1484
Ashikaga Yoshizumi
Japan (Shogunate)
1495–1495
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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Further Reading
Well-regarded biographies and histories to go deeper on John II of Portugal's life and times.
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