
Osman's Dream: The History of the Ottoman Empire 1300–1923
Caroline Finkel
Osman II's attempt to reform the janissaries, and the regicide that followed.

The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.

James VI and I
England
1618–1622

Jahangir I
Mughal Empire
1618–1622

Louis XIII of France
France
1618–1622

James VI and I
Scotland
1618–1622

Emperor Go-Mizunoo
Japan
1618–1622

Tokugawa Hidetada
Japan (Shogunate)
1618–1622

Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden
Sweden
1618–1622

Philip III of Spain
Spain
1618–1621

Philip III of Spain
Portugal
1618–1621

Wanli Emperor
China
1618–1620

Pope Paul V
Papacy
1618–1621

Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1619–1622

Tianqi Emperor
China
1620–1622

Philip IV of Spain
Spain
1621–1622

Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1618–1619

Pope Gregory XV
Papacy
1621–1622

Philip IV of Spain
Portugal
1621–1622
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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Well-regarded biographies and histories to go deeper on Osman II's life and times.

Caroline Finkel
Osman II's attempt to reform the janissaries, and the regicide that followed.
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