Abdul Hamid I

Reign: 1774 – 1789
Life: 1725–1789

A devout and pacifist sultan, he inherited a bankrupt empire and sought military reforms, including overhauling the Janissaries and navy. Despite internal efforts and quelling revolts in Syria, Egypt, and Greece, his reign saw the critical loss of Crimea and defeat by Russia and Austria. The 1774 Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca granted Russia territorial and religious influence. He died soon after the fall of Ochakov in 1788.

During Abdul Hamid I's reign, Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor ruled Holy Roman Empire, George III of Great Britain ruled Great Britain, and Catherine II of Russia ruled Russia.

Want to learn more? Further reading

Osman's Dream: The History of the Ottoman Empire 1300–1923 by Caroline Finkel

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The World During Their Reign

The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.

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From the library

Go deeper on Abdul Hamid I

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Osman's Dream: The History of the Ottoman Empire 1300–1923

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