The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Beatrix of the Netherlands
Netherlands
1989–2013
Elizabeth II
Great Britain
1989–2019
Juan Carlos I of Spain
Spain
1989–2014
Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden
Sweden
1989–2019
Pope John Paul II
Papacy
1989–2005
Felipe VI of Spain
Spain
2014–2019
Pope Benedict XVI
Papacy
2005–2013
Pope Francis
Papacy
2013–2019
Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands
Netherlands
2013–2019
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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