
Recommended read
Louis XVI
John Hardman
Hardman's careful biography of the king who lost his throne and his head to revolution.

The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.

George III of Great Britain
Great Britain
1760–1801

Catherine II of Russia
Russia
1762–1796

Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1765–1790

Frederick II of Prussia
Prussia
1740–1786

Qianlong Emperor
China
1735–1796

Abdul Hamid I
Ottoman Empire
1774–1789

Charles III of Spain
Spain
1759–1788

Pope Pius VI
Papacy
1775–1799

Shah Alam II
Mughal Empire
1760–1788; 1788–1806

Gustav III of Sweden
Sweden
1771–1792

Frederick William II of Prussia
Prussia
1786–1797

Selim III
Ottoman Empire
1789–1807

Maria I of Portugal
Portugal
1777–1816

Emperor Kōkaku
Japan
1779–1817

Tokugawa Ieharu
Japan (Shogunate)
1760–1786

Emperor Go-Momozono
Japan
1771–1779

Charles IV of Spain
Spain
1788–1808; 1808–1808

Tokugawa Ienari
Japan (Shogunate)
1787–1837

Joseph I of Portugal
Portugal
1750–1777

Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1790–1792
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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From the library
Hand-picked histories and biographies for readers who want more than the timeline: the same era, told in full.

Recommended read
John Hardman
Hardman's careful biography of the king who lost his throne and his head to revolution.

Colin Jones
The best single-volume illustrated history of France, from Gaul to the Fifth Republic.
Find on Amazon
Jonathan Fenby
A lively modern history that helps place later French monarchs and revolutionaries in context.
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