The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Anund Jacob
Sweden
1031–1050
Henry I of France
France
1031–1055
Emperor Renzong of Song
China
1031–1055
Henry III
Holy Roman Empire
1046–1055
Conrad II
Holy Roman Empire
1031–1039
Cnut the Great
England
1031–1035
Edward the Confessor
England
1042–1055
Macbeth, King of Scotland
Scotland
1040–1055
Theodora Porphyrogenita
Rome
1042–1055
Zoe Porphyrogenita
Rome
1042–1055
Constantine IX Monomachos
Rome
1042–1055
Macbeth
Scotland
1040–1055
Pope Benedict IX
Papacy
1032–1044
Emperor Go-Reizei
Japan
1045–1055
Michael IV the Paphlagonian
Rome
1034–1041
Emperor Go-Suzaku
Japan
1036–1045
Duncan I of Scotland
Scotland
1034–1040
Harold Harefoot
England
1037–1040
Harthacnut
England
1040–1042
Emperor Go-Ichijō
Japan
1031–1036
Romanos III Argyros
Rome
1031–1034
Pope Leo IX
Papacy
1049–1054
Malcolm II of Scotland
Scotland
1031–1034
Pope Gregory VI
Papacy
1045–1047
Pope John XIX
Papacy
1031–1032
Emund the Old
Sweden
1050–1055
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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