The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Henry III
Holy Roman Empire
1050–1056
Henry I of France
France
1050–1060
Edward the Confessor
England
1050–1060
Emperor Renzong of Song
China
1050–1060
Emperor Go-Reizei
Japan
1050–1060
Theodora Porphyrogenita
Rome
1050–1056
Macbeth, King of Scotland
Scotland
1050–1057
Anund Jacob
Sweden
1050–1050
Zoe Porphyrogenita
Rome
1050–1055
Constantine IX Monomachos
Rome
1050–1055
Macbeth
Scotland
1050–1057
Emperor Xingzong of Liao
China
1050–1055
Pope Leo IX
Papacy
1050–1054
Emperor Daozong of Liao
China
1055–1060
Isaac I Komnenos
Rome
1057–1059
Malcolm III of Scotland
Scotland
1058–1060
Pope Victor II
Papacy
1055–1057
Michael VI Bringas
Rome
1056–1057
Lulach
Scotland
1057–1058
Pope Nicholas II
Papacy
1059–1060
Antipope Benedict X
Papacy
1058–1059
Pope Stephen IX
Papacy
1057–1058
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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