The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Cnut the Great
England
1022–1035
Emperor Renzong of Song
China
1022–1050
Conrad II
Holy Roman Empire
1027–1039
Henry I of France
France
1031–1050
Henry III
Holy Roman Empire
1046–1050
Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1022–1024
Emperor Xingzong of Liao
China
1031–1050
Emperor Go-Ichijō
Japan
1022–1036
Robert II of France
France
1022–1031
Malcolm II of Scotland
Scotland
1022–1034
Edward the Confessor
England
1042–1050
Zoe Porphyrogenita
Rome
1042–1050
Pope Benedict IX
Papacy
1032–1044
Macbeth, King of Scotland
Scotland
1040–1050
Theodora Porphyrogenita
Rome
1042–1050
Constantine IX Monomachos
Rome
1042–1050
Michael IV the Paphlagonian
Rome
1034–1041
Emperor Go-Suzaku
Japan
1036–1045
Emperor Shengzong of Liao
China
1022–1031
Romanos III Argyros
Rome
1028–1034
Pope John XIX
Papacy
1024–1032
Macbeth
Scotland
1040–1050
Harold Harefoot
England
1037–1040
Duncan I of Scotland
Scotland
1034–1040
Basil II
Rome
1022–1025
Emperor Go-Reizei
Japan
1045–1050
Harthacnut
England
1040–1042
Constantine VIII
Rome
1025–1028
Pope Benedict VIII
Papacy
1022–1024
Pope Gregory VI
Papacy
1045–1047
Pope Leo IX
Papacy
1049–1050
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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