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The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Cnut the Great
England
1016–1035
Anund Jacob
Sweden
1022–1050
Conrad II
Holy Roman Empire
1027–1039
Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1014–1024
Robert II of France
France
996–1031
Malcolm II of Scotland
Scotland
1005–1034
Olof Skötkonung
Sweden
995–1022
Emperor Renzong of Song
China
1022–1063
Emperor Shengzong of Liao
China
982–1031
Basil II
Rome
976–1025
Emperor Zhenzong of Song
China
997–1022
Pope John XIX
Papacy
1024–1032
Henry I of France
France
1031–1060
Pope Benedict VIII
Papacy
1012–1024
Romanos III Argyros
Rome
1028–1034
Constantine VIII
Rome
1025–1028
Emperor Xingzong of Liao
China
1031–1055
Michael IV the Paphlagonian
Rome
1034–1041
Pope Benedict IX
Papacy
1032–1044; 1045–1045; 1047–1048
Duncan I of Scotland
Scotland
1034–1040
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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From the library
Go deeper on Emperor Go-Ichijō
Hand-picked histories and biographies for readers who want more than the timeline: the same era, told in full.
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