The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Olof Skötkonung
Sweden
996–1022
Cnut the Great
England
1016–1031
Emperor Shengzong of Liao
China
996–1031
Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1014–1024
Basil II
Rome
996–1025
Emperor Zhenzong of Song
China
997–1022
Anund Jacob
Sweden
1022–1031
Otto III
Holy Roman Empire
996–1002
Malcolm II of Scotland
Scotland
1005–1031
Conrad II
Holy Roman Empire
1027–1031
Æthelred the Unready
England
996–1013
Emperor Go-Ichijō
Japan
1016–1031
Emperor Ichijō
Japan
996–1011
Emperor Renzong of Song
China
1022–1031
Pope Benedict VIII
Papacy
1012–1024
Kenneth III of Scotland
Scotland
997–1005
Pope John XIX
Papacy
1024–1031
Constantine VIII
Rome
1025–1028
Romanos III Argyros
Rome
1028–1031
Pope John XVIII
Papacy
1003–1009
Emperor Sanjō
Japan
1011–1016
Pope Sylvester II
Papacy
999–1003
Pope Sergius IV
Papacy
1009–1012
Pope Gregory V
Papacy
996–999
Ring of Sweden
Sweden
996–1000
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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