The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Henry III
Holy Roman Empire
1049–1054
Henry I of France
France
1049–1054
Edward the Confessor
England
1049–1054
Emperor Renzong of Song
China
1049–1054
Zoe Porphyrogenita
Rome
1049–1054
Theodora Porphyrogenita
Rome
1049–1054
Constantine IX Monomachos
Rome
1049–1054
Macbeth, King of Scotland
Scotland
1049–1054
Emperor Go-Reizei
Japan
1049–1054
Emperor Xingzong of Liao
China
1049–1054
Macbeth
Scotland
1049–1054
Anund Jacob
Sweden
1049–1050
Emund the Old
Sweden
1050–1054
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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