Recommended read
Absolute Monarchs: A History of the Papacy
John Julius Norwich
Norwich's narrative history of the popes, from Saint Peter's successors to the modern Vatican.
Pope Benedict IX
- Life
- d. 1055
The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
Anund Jacob
Sweden
1022–1050
Conrad II
Holy Roman Empire
1027–1039
Henry I of France
France
1031–1060
Emperor Renzong of Song
China
1022–1063
Cnut the Great
England
1016–1035
Emperor Xingzong of Liao
China
1031–1055
Henry III
Holy Roman Empire
1046–1056
Michael IV the Paphlagonian
Rome
1034–1041
Emperor Go-Suzaku
Japan
1036–1045
Duncan I of Scotland
Scotland
1034–1040
Macbeth, King of Scotland
Scotland
1040–1057
Harold Harefoot
England
1037–1040
Edward the Confessor
England
1042–1066
Emperor Go-Ichijō
Japan
1016–1036
Harthacnut
England
1040–1042
Zoe Porphyrogenita
Rome
1042–1055
Theodora Porphyrogenita
Rome
1042–1056
Constantine IX Monomachos
Rome
1042–1055
Macbeth
Scotland
1040–1057
Romanos III Argyros
Rome
1028–1034
Malcolm II of Scotland
Scotland
1005–1034
Emperor Go-Reizei
Japan
1045–1068
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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From the library
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