The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
James I of Aragon
Spain
1241–1241
Kujō Yoritsune
Japan (Shogunate)
1241–1241
Sancho II of Portugal
Portugal
1241–1241
Erik Eriksson
Sweden
1241–1241
Louis IX of France
France
1241–1241
Henry III of England
England
1241–1241
Emperor Lizong of Song
China
1241–1241
John III Doukas Vatatzes
Rome
1241–1241
Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1241–1241
Alexander II of Scotland
Scotland
1241–1241
Emperor Shijō
Japan
1241–1241
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
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