The World During Their Reign
The most notable rulers who held power elsewhere at the same time, from European courts to Ottoman, Mughal, and Chinese thrones.
James I of Aragon
Spain
1221–1221
Ferdinand III of Castille
Spain
1221–1221
Afonso II of Portugal
Portugal
1221–1221
Johan Sverkersson
Sweden
1221–1221
Philip II of France
France
1221–1221
Henry III of England
England
1221–1221
Emperor Ningzong of Song
China
1221–1221
Theodore I Laskaris
Rome
1221–1221
Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
1221–1221
Alexander II of Scotland
Scotland
1221–1221
Pope Honorius III
Papacy
1221–1221
Emperor Xuanzong of Jin
China
1221–1221
Meanwhile in history
One “meanwhile in history” story each week: who ruled where, and what was happening on thrones across the world.
By subscribing you agree to receive emails from us. See our Privacy Policy. Unsubscribe any time.