Explore who held power in each world throne this year.

England
Henry VI of England
all year
Western Europe

Scotland
James II of Scotland
until 12 Aug
Western Europe

France
Charles VII of France
all year
Western Europe

Spain
John II of Aragon
all year
Western Europe

Portugal
Afonso V of Portugal
all year
Western Europe

Sweden
Christian I of Denmark
all year
Northern Europe

Holy Roman Empire
Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor
all year
Central Europe

Papacy
Pope Pius II
all year
Southern Europe

Ottoman Empire
Mehmed II
all year
Eastern Mediterranean

China
Emperor Yingzong of Ming
all year
East Asia

Japan
Emperor Go-Hanazono
all year
East Asia

Japan (Shogunate)
Ashikaga Yoshimasa
all year
East Asia